|
== Nikolai Kittel == Nikolai Kittel, fully Nikolai Ferdinandovich Kittel (1805 - 18 April 1868)〔STRAD magazine - "Nikolaus Ferder Kittel: The Russian Tourte" by Harvey and Georgeanna Whistler〕 was a Russian bow maker who until recently thought to be of German origin, and was known as the "Russian Tourte". According to the latest findings, we now know that his full name was Nikolai Ferdinandovich Kittel and that he was actually of Austrian origin as it is stated in his marriage certificate. Kittel himself always signed letters and invoices with the name Nikolai Kittel. In all German and French documents (undiscovered till today), he is named Nikolai, no single time as Nikolaus.〔The Bows of Nikolai Kittel- Klaus Grünke, Josef P. Gabriel, Yung Chin in co-operation with Darling Publications Andy Lim Cologne, 2011〕 Kittel was an enigmatic figure (who worked in St. Petersburg 1825-1868).〔STRAD- 'Favorite Bow' - article by Joseph Gold (recollection of Jasha Heifetz and his Kittel bow)〕 He is known to have employed some of the leading makers, (as did his great Parisian contemporary Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume), including Russian, Vladimir Ivanoff, and German makers such as Heinrich Knopf (and Ludwig Bausch ?), to make his bows. In Czarist Russia N. Kittel served as violinmaker to the court, making superb violins which were considered the best being made in Russia, and produced bows of unsurpassed quality, often using beautiful highly flamed wood. The design of Kittel bows is also derived from an advanced Tourte model although this interpretation of Tourte is distinctly different from the French interpretations. His bows are rare and highly prized by soloists. Kittel bows are nearly always quite light and flexible. Despite their flexibility, Kittel bows have extremely quick playing characteristics alongside a unique beauty of tone. "Nikolai Kittel died on April 18, 1868 at the age of 63. In his obituary, it stated: 'Thus, in the realm of the bow, the curtain was drawn on a career of memorable achievement'.〔Moscow, Russian Federation archives〕 "Henri Vieuxtemps preferred Kittel bows even to those of F.X. Tourte. Since then, Kittel's bows have been used by the greatest soloists, among them Wieniawski, Heifetz, Elman, Seidel, Leopold Auer, Stern, Kochanski, Rosand, Erica Morini, Zimbalist, Kogan, Menuhin and today Vadim Repin. Kittel bows are extremely rare. In 1999, a gold and tortoiseshell-mounted violin bow made in St Petersburg in the mid 19th century by Nikolai Kittel, from the The Yehudi Menuhin Collection, fetched £51,000 (Sotheby's auction, London : £58,650 / US$94,837 with buyers premium) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nikolaus Kittel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|